Standardisation and modularisation in precast concrete modular construction (CMC), combined with the use of more sustainable materials, allows for the development of more ecological solutions that are able to more easily meet the current environmental and social targets. This activity is focus on the design and characterization of low-carbon concrete (LC) for modular construction, aiming the development of lighter and more sustainable solutions. The main challenge for CMC using LC is to combine the reduction in clinker content with its stringent requirements for fluidity, initial mechanical strength and durability. The study explores the production of LC with low clinker content, incorporating alternative more eco‑efficient admixtures, such as recycled cement from concrete waste, calcined clay and bottom ash. The aim is to minimise the clinker amount without compromising the CMC performance. Based on an extensive experimental program, LC CMC is developed and characterised in terms of its main physical, mechanical and durability properties, as well as regarding cracking and steel-bond behaviour.

Objectives

• Development of optimised LC suitable for the fluidity, initial mechanical strength and durability requirements of CMC;
• LC CMC with minimised binder content and up to 40% reduction in the clinker factor;
• Exploit the synergetic effect of innovative cementitious blends, including the incorporation of recycled cement from old concrete, calcined clay and bottom ash;
• Comprehensive characterisation of LC CMC in the fresh and hardened state.